Tuesday, December 12, 2017

Motobecane Fantom Cross Trail Bike Review


Despite the hype, a bicycle is just a bundle of components. If the bundle is well-chosen, the bike will be great. If not, no need to despair. Every component can be replaced and in time almost all of them will be.

My newest bike is the 2017 Motobecane Fantom Cross Trail, which costs $599. At that price I did not expect the lightest cross bike, nor did I expect top-of-the-line components. What I was hoping for was a lovely bike capable of handling good gravel roads as well as having decent speed on smooth pavement. Here is a review of the various components on the bike and then my overall assessment.

The Frame: Reviewers often seem to see the frame as the defining component of a bicycle. In the past I’ve resisted that notion, but I have to admit that I am pleased with the Fantom Cross Trail frame. I like the traditional look and geometry. Many competing bikes have a sloping top tube so that only three frame sizes can fit a large variety of riders. The Cross Trail comes in six different frame sizes, and perhaps that leads to slightly better performance. I’m 6’2” tall and the 61 cm frame was easy for me to set up to match my crucial measurements on my road bikes (a Motobecane Le Champion SL and a Nashbar CR4). But there are significant differences in frame geometry. The Fantom Cross is not trying to save weight so it can have a more relaxed head tube angle with a longer wheelbase and a bit more metal in the double diamond. This means that the bike descends more stably and can be ridden “no-hands” more easily. It feels stable and secure in situations where my race bikes feel twitchy and high-strung. I like it! It’s a nice plus that the frame can be fitted with fenders and racks for touring.

The Fork: I’m sure the carbon fork also has some impact on how the bike handles. But I’m not able to differentiate one fork from another. This one looks sturdy (appropriate for a trail bike) and not as aero as the one on my Motobecane race bike.

The Crankset and Cassette: The bike is specced with a triple (50-39-30) combined with an 8-speed (11-32) cassette. One’s first thought is that this is low-end compared to more expensive bikes that come with a double (often 46-36) and an 11-speed cassette (11-32). I think the “low-end” specifications are better. The Cross Trail has three chainrings and eight cassette cogsets -- a total of eleven metal disks. A pro-level cross bike typically has two chainrings coupled with eleven cogsets -- thirteen metal disks. So the pro bike has more complexity and potentially more weight. Yet it has a smaller range of gearing. My Fantom ranges from 50-11 for flat pavement to 30-32 for steep gravel climbs. The pro bike can only attain 46-11 and 36-32; thus, it has neither the top-end speed nor the low-end power. And, frankly, I want my cross bike to be speedy on pavement and still allow seated climbs on steep gravel. I love to climb out of the saddle on my race bikes, but if I try that on gravel, my rear wheel will slip and spin-out. I need to stay seated to keep enough weight on the rear wheel.

Derailleurs and Shifters: The Phantom Cross has a mix of Shimano Claris and Sora components. These are “entry-level” components, but they work as well as the Ultegra components on my race bikes. A more expensive groupset would cut at least a pound from the bike’s total weight, but this is an all-terrain machine and definitely not a race bike. I’ve been pleasantly surprised by the visual gear indicators on top of the hoods -- a useful little touch.

Wheelset: The tubeless-ready WTB i19 wheelset is one of the better components on the bike. The wheels are reputed to be strong, light, and durable.

Tires: Continental Cyclocross Race Wire, 700x35C 84TPI x 3-Ply. These are great tires for my purposes. Despite the relatively narrow width, they seem secure on good gravel. Despite the off-road tread pattern, they roll smoothly on pavement. With my weight (about 150) I can keep the tire pressure low (35-40 lbs). That increases the contact patch and softens the ride on gravel, but it is still firm enough to avoid pinch flats. The forks will hold 40 mm tires easily and perhaps those are a better option for loose gravel or mountain bike trails.

Brakes: This is the first bike I’ve ever had with disk brakes (Tektro Lyra mechanicals). I found them very difficult to set up and get into adjustment. But they work well and now seem to retain adjustment adequately. I guess I’d prefer the simplicity of rim brakes since I’ll never be riding in the wet and muddy conditions where disk brakes are greatly superior. The top-bar brake levers are a nice feature, I prefer a fairly aero position on the hoods and a stretched-out position in the drops, so it's nice to be able to occasionally sit up and still have access to the brakes. These top levers also have convenient brake adjustment knobs.

Seatpost and Saddle: Clearly, these are not lightweight components, but the saddle is comfortable.

Handlebar tape: The bike comes with a fairly thin layer of handlebar tape. I added a cushioning layer (made of old inner tubes) as my very first component upgrade. Cushiony tape is one of the most important comfort features on any bike and is easy to upgrade.

Summary: I’m pleased and very pleasantly surprised. I expected the bike to weigh more than my road bikes and it does. It comes in at 24.5 lbs -- a good 7 lbs more than my road bikes. If I were interested in gravel races, I could quickly cut 3 lbs in weight by replacing the pedals, the seatpost, and the saddle while also switching to tubeless tires. But I’m actually climbing quite well on it as is. The times I’ve registered on my Strava segments are among the fastest 25% for the year. I’m confident that on the flats it can hold its own with a road bike. And when the road slopes down, I have so much more confidence in the bike that I’m almost certainly going faster. So, the Fantom Cross Trail lets me ride right from my door, nearly doubles the miles of surface I can ride in my area, and scarcely impacts my top speeds. What’s not to like? Oh, and it didn't cost much either!

Update -- 6/5/2018: I've now put over 900 miles on the bike and it continues to be a pleasure to ride. I've actually made the bike 3 pounds heavier by changing to heavier "multi-use mountain pedals" (flat one side, clipless the other). I'm also carrying a spare tube and an assortment of tools. So when I'm out for a ride, it should feel like a porky 27.5-pound behemoth. But in all honesty it isn't much different in feel than riding my 17.5-pound race bike. Strava gives me lots of precise data for comparison, and here is the gist of it: during a 1.2-mile climb (4% average), my most recent time on the Fantom was 7:34, while my fastest time-trial on the race bike in the past two years came in at 7:04. Similarly, for a 3-mile segment (with 2% ave grade), the respective times were 15:03 and 13:44. Those differences are significant, indicating that the lighter bike is 7 or 8% faster -- but that's comparing an ordinary ride on the Fantom with a hard time-trial pace on the racing bike. The numbers for a more typical ride on the light bike suggest it could be as little as 1 - 3% faster. That's not much of a sacrifice in speed for a bike that is more secure going downhill and a pleasure to ride on good gravel.

Update -- 6/8/2018: I decided to test the Fantom Cross by doing a time-trial on pavement. My normal TT route is 31.2 miles, but this morning was a bit too warm and humid to make that an option (75 degrees with 85% relative humidity). I cut the TT in half and averaged 16.13 mph over 15.6 miles. That's a pace that would give me a shot at achieving a 16 mph average for the full time trial, and I have always consider that to be a decent achievement. This reinforces my general opinion that, while the Fantom Cross is a little slower than my race bikes, it is still a fast, fun ride!

Update -- 10/31/2018:  It comes as a bit of a surprise to me, but the Fantom Cross Trial has become my main training bike of the past year.  I currently use 35 mm tubeless city/trail tires on the bike to reduce noise on pavement, but that means I must negotiate some patches of loose gravel with care. Still, it is a solid, fast bike to ride on the road. It's a blast going downhill, fast on the flats, and only a bit of an additional struggle on the climbs. I find that training on the heavier bike does give me a little extra strength when I switch to my race bike for faster rides with friends.

Update -- 8/5/2019: I now have over 3600 miles on the bike. The only repair to date has been to the front wheel bearings. Instead of the newer sealed bearings, this bike has steel ball bearings that need occasional grease and adjustment -- a very minor maintenance issue. . . . The disk brakes make it possible to use 26" wheels but I don't think I could get anything more than a 1.75" tire to fit. That's not much more than the 40 mm (1.6") tires I'm now using.

Update -- 5/11/2020: I've put over 4700 miles on the bike and have now made my first major changes.  As you can tell from my review, I was not been a big fan of the Tektro mechanical disk brakes. I find them difficult to adjust, but my last ride on the bike convinced me to replace them entirely. My route took me down a long gravel road and through about 6" of water on my way to Bennett's River. Disk brakes are supposed to shed water well, but my braking was much impaired for the entire 15-mile ride back home. Perhaps there was some contaminant in the creek water, but my brakes could scarcely slow the bike at all . . . and couldn't bring it to a stop even on gradual downhills. That was the final straw. I came home and immediately ordered a set of Tektro Long Arm Caliper Brakes. I use caliper brakes on my road bikes and like them. More to the point, I trust them! They are not great in the rain, but they do work! The new brakes came today. It was a fairly easy job to remove the disk brakes and install the caliper brakes -- though I did need to drill out the holes for the fenders in order to fit the brake bolts. But that worked and so do the new brakes! Big improvement.

Just as disk brakes are an over-hyped new gimmick, so too are tubeless tires. I devoted time and energy into installing a tubeless set-up for my tires. Again, the whole procedure is a finicky pain-in-the-ass. The stars have to align perfectly in the heavens for a tire to seat perfectly and seal completely. Sometimes the rubbery goo bubbles from the rims or spoke holes for weeks. It can even leak sealant through the sidewalls! Sometimes the danged thing never seals. When it does, fine; it's just as good as a tire with an inner tube. For about six months you might be able to trust the tire to self-seal small leaks, but you still have to carry a spare inner tube in case it does not. And if you ever have to use that inner tube, it is the devil's own torment to try to remove the valve that has probably been "glued" in place by the tubeless goo. You'll scrape your fingertips raw and still have to call your wife for a ride home! . . . I've gone back to ordinary inner tubes, but I did temporarily remove the valve cores and add a couple of ounces of tubeless sealant. This gives me flat protection and easy installation -- albeit with a slight weight penalty.

Tuesday, October 10, 2017

Planing in the Dory

Some time ago I wrote about trying to sail my Northeaster Dory in high wind conditions. Last Saturday those conditions were met and I took the boat out on the water (after removing everything that might be lost in a capsize).

I'm confident I had the boat on a plane multiple times. I also shipped plenty of water and came as close to capsizing as I like. At times, indeed, the prevailing breeze was so strong that the boat was difficult to bring about, preferring to get stuck in irons.

Here are a couple of brief video clips:





And here is a graph of wind speed during the period from noon to 3 PM when I was sailing:
All in all, it was perhaps a bit more wind than I could handle safely.

Monday, June 5, 2017

On Carbon and Carbon Dioxide

C60, Buckminsterfullerene

(Click on the link above to see a delightful YouTube introduction to Carbon.)

As Professor Tyson points out, carbon is the stuff of life. It is a magical pixie dust capable of combining in so many ways that life itself becomes possible. And to say that is almost the same as saying that carbon is alive! The introductory sentence of the venerable text, Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd, makes a similar point: “Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon.” That is to say, everything related to organisms is dependent upon carbon.

It’s important to note that carbon did not exist at all immediately after the Big Bang. Instead stars had to form and age and die. In their ageing carbon was created during nucleosynthesis. And when red giants collapsed and exploded in supernovae, outer space became inseminated with carbon-rich dust that could coalesce into new stars and new planets . . .  with the potential for life. Joni Mitchell had it right when she sang, “We are stardust.”

But the form in which carbon is most most nutritious, most beneficial to life, is that currently reviled atmospheric “pollutant” -- carbon dioxide. Almost all life (say 98% or so) depends directly or indirectly on CO2 for its existence. Photosynthesis uses CO2 + H2O + light energy to create sugars and oxygen. Animals devour plants and thus derive energy and materials for further construction of life. Only a few forms of bacteria thrive without access to CO2 (either in the air or dissolved in water).

At present CO2 occurs in our atmosphere at an abundance of about 400 parts per million. The word “abundance” is perhaps a misnomer. Our atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% argon, with only trace amounts of other gases. CO2 is one of these trace gases, composing less than 0.04% of Earth’s atmosphere.

So nearly all life on Earth depends on this gas that exists in limited quantity.

While the current focus is on the recent increases in atmospheric CO2, a somewhat expanded view of history shows a dramatic drop in CO2 levels from more than 2000 ppm 60 million years ago to approximately 400 ppm today:
“Knowledge of the evolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations throughout the Earth's history is important for a reconstruction of the links between climate and radiative forcing of the Earth's surface temperatures. Although atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in the early Cenozoic era (about 60 Myr ago) are widely believed to have been higher than at present, there is disagreement regarding the exact carbon dioxide levels, the timing of the decline and the mechanisms that are most important for the control of CO2concentrations over geological timescales. Here we use the boron-isotope ratios of ancient planktonic foraminifer shells to estimate the pH of surface-layer sea water throughout the past 60 million years, which can be used to reconstruct atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We estimate CO2 concentrations of more than 2,000 p.p.m. for the late Palaeocene and earliest Eocene periods (from about 60 to 52 Myr ago), and find an erratic decline between 55 and 40 Myr ago that may have been caused by reduced CO2 outgassing from ocean ridges, volcanoes and metamorphic belts and increased carbon burial. Since the early Miocene (about 24 Myr ago), atmospheric CO2 concentrations appear to have remained below 500 p.p.m. and were more stable than before, although transient intervals of CO2 reduction may have occurred during periods of rapid cooling approximately 15 and 3 Myr ago.”


Source: Nature 406, 695-699 (17 August 2000) | doi:10.1038/35021000; Received 2 November 1999; Accepted 22 June 2000



A graph of CO2 levels in the past 500 million years (the period of multicellular life on Earth) shows a fairly precipitous decline from roughly 0.5% of the atmosphere to today’s 0.04% -- a greater than 10-fold reduction!

Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png





These declines in CO2 seem to be caused both by the gradual decline in volcanic outgassing and the gradual increase in buried carbon (i.e., coal and carboniferous rocks as well as oil and natural gas encased in rock). That buried carbon is the residue of past life that decays, flows into the sea, and is compressed into carboniferous rocks (or becomes oil and natural gas encased in rocks).

Thus, carbon that is now coal or oil was once readily available for formation of life as CO2. And a case can be made that the real threat to life on Earth has been the dramatic depletion of atmospheric CO2 in the past 500 million years.

Measures of atmospheric CO2 in the distant past are obviously indirect and imprecise. After all, no humans were alive to take measurements and keep records. We depend on inferential evidence from the geologic record.  Such evidence may well be incomplete and inaccurate. Similarly, evidence about Earth’s average temperature in the distant past is very likely imprecise. Still, here is a graph of the information we have:
Screenshot 2017-03-10 at 7.44.39 AM.png


The following graph from the same wiki page shows another view of Earth’s temperature on a linear time scale that emphasizes more recent periods of time:
Screenshot 2017-03-10 at 8.05.40 AM.png

And here is a graph that overlays CO2 and temperature with the time scales going in the same direction:


If there is any correlation between Earth’s average temperature and atmospheric CO2, it is not immediately obvious. One could, perhaps, argue that in recent times (the past 100 million years) CO2 has dropped from 2000 ppm to less than 400 ppm while Earth’s average temperature has fallen by about 14 degrees Celsius. In very recent times (the past 20,000 years) Earth has begun emerging from one of its deepest Ice ages.


For me, the key facts are these: CO2 is the basis of advanced life on Earth. Its precipitous decline over the past 500 million years should be a cause for concern. Burning of fossil fuels has returned some small percentage of buried carbon back into the atmosphere, but CO2 levels are still alarmingly low. Planet Earth is emerging from one of its deepest Ice ages. This began before humans started burning fossil fuels and is continuing. Increased atmospheric CO2 is leading to more robust plant growth. It is so far unclear whether the changing climate will benefit human life as well as plant life. If the percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere continues to increase, the potential warming caused by the greenhouse effect is unlikely to be inimical to life unless it far exceeds the levels found 200 million years ago. Having claimed that, however, I cannot claim to have any idea at all of the potential effect of global warming on human life! But significant warming is inevitable unless everything we know about the temperature history of Planet Earth is wrong. Human beings will have to adapt or die. But life itself will thrive in conditions of increased atmospheric CO2, and since humans are clever and have proven themselves capable of surviving under the sea and in outer space, I suspect we can find a way to thrive on a somewhat warmer planet. We'd better!

Wednesday, March 29, 2017

How Fast Can a Chesapeake Light Craft Northeaster Dory Sail?

I can't explain what pushes me to wonder how fast my Northeaster Dory can sail. At 100 pounds hull weight and 15 feet waterline with 62 square feet of sail area, it's bit like a Windsurfer longboard, but I doubt it has the same top speed. The mast is located toward the front of the boat so in high wind conditions it's hard to get the bow far enough out of the water to initiate true planing on the aft part of the hull.

That said, the supposed "hull speed" for a 15-foot displacement hull is 6 mph, and I routinely sail the dory faster than that. I have had long(ish) reaches at 7 - 8 - 9 mph. And I always thought I could conceivably get the boat up on a plane.

I'm no longer sure I'd be able to tell whether or not the boat is on a plane, but today I sailed in conditions where the average wind speed was in the 10 - 15 mph range with brief gusts in the 20 - 25 mph range. I touched 13 mph in three gusts and had good runs at 9 mph. I thought the boat was manageable in the strongest gusts so it may be capable of extended runs at 13 mph or more. . . . But I'm not willing to be out on the water when the average wind speed is 20 and gust are 35. Even if I could manage the boat in those conditions, I'm not sure I could get the sail up safely or douse it without taking a drink.

13 mph is a nice number. I'll take it. . . . The following graphs provide raw data on boat speed and wind speed. Make of it what you will.
GPS-measured Speed - 2PM to 3 PM



Note Wind Speed from 2PM to 3PM
Note: In November of 2017 I had the boat out on another rather windy day and filmed a bit of footage. Take a look and see what you think. Does the CLC Northeaster Dory Plane? You Be the Judge.

Sunday, March 12, 2017

Buffalo River Trail -- Steel Creek to Ponca


I tend to consider the section of the Sylamore Creek Trail from Gunner Pool to Barkshed as one of the best hikes around. If that's my measuring stick, then the Buffalo River Trail from Steel Creek to Ponca measures up. The Steel Creek Campground is a lovely place to start and finish a hike -- and a great place to camp for the night. The trail begins with a steep climb to the top of the ridge and then gradually angles down to Ponca over the course of more than a mile.

Along the way there are terrific views, lovely rock formations, trickling cascades, and pretty wildflowers.



The Villines cabin and farm buildings at Ponca is a nice place to have a snack, explore, and imagine the life of early settlers in the area.

Here is a link to a map of the hike with additional information and pictures.

Wednesday, March 1, 2017

Bull Shoals White River State Park Flowering Plants in April

Spring is finally here! It is time to get out into the woods and look for flowers. These are a few of the kinds of wildflowers you may expect to find in the Ozarks. All of these wildflowers are found in BSWRSP in April (sometimes March and May as well). Clicking on the link below will take you to a Google Map showing exact GPS locations where these flowers have been found in the park.

Google Map of Wildflowers in BSWRSP in April

Of course, wildflowers move around as conditions change, and they are possible to find in many more locations than those I have marked. Still, the map should lead you to some promising places to start your wildflower observations. If you use Google's My Maps app on your phone, you will be able to see your location relative to the observed location of the various flowers.

Thursday, February 16, 2017

Hiking North Central Arkansas, part 3 -- The Norfork Lake Trail


I've finally finished mapping the entire Norfork Lake Trail and thought that deserved a post all to itself.

The Norfork Lake Trail



To use these maps as you hike, you should download the map of the general area at home before hiking the trail. Here is how to do so. After doing that, you should click on the link below for your section of the trail to load its map. (Aternatively, you can just keep the map for the entire trail in your phone's memory.) Do this someplace where there is WiFi or cell service for your phone since cell service on the trails is spotty. After that the map should stay in your phone's memory as you hike. An Android phone (and possibly an Iphone) will then be able to show you your position along the trail as you hike. I have an Android Moto E and find that the MyMaps app from the Google Play Store works especially well for hiking.

Norfork Lake Trail 1-- Quarry Trailhead

Norfork Lake Trail 2-- Shoal Creek Trailhead to Lake Heights Drive Trailhead (aka Devil's Backbone)

The Norfork Lake Trail 3-- Lake Heights Drive Trailhead (aka "Devil's Backbone Trailhead") to Sycamore Springs Road (AR 342)

Norfork Lake Trail 4-- Sycamore Springs Rd. to Tracy Ferry

The Norfork Lake Trail 5-- Tracy Park to CR 1028

You may also wish to consult the official U. S. Army Corps of Engineers map of the entire lake. Click here for a pdf file of that map.



Saturday, January 28, 2017

Hiking North Central Arkansas, Part 2



This page continues the series of hiking maps for North Central Arkansas that I began on my blog post of December 27, 2016. (Click to open that page.) My most recent Google Maps of hiking trails are listed below; clicking on the links above each one will open the map in a separate window.

To use these maps as you hike, you should download the map of the general area at home before hiking the trail. Here is how to do so. After doing that, you should click on the link for your hike to load its map. Do this some place where there is WiFi or cell service for your phone since cell service on the trails is spotty. After that the map should stay in your phone's memory as you hike. An Android phone (and possibly an Iphone) will then be able to show you your position along the trail as you hike. I have an Android Moto E and find that the MyMaps app from the Google Play Store works especially well for hiking.

I'll be adding additional trails to this page, so check back occasionally.


David's Trail on Norfork Lake -- Bidwell Point Trailhead



Syllamo Trail -- Green Mountain Loop